unforeseen the evils of Nazi Germany were and how unprepared Christian tradition was to respond to them. At the time, Bonhoeffer was himself beginning to flesh out his ideas on how the church should engage a state that was destroying the innocent. Many Christians simply did not know what to do. They did not know what they could do, or even what they should do. Bonhoeffer offered three radical responses to injustice that would place Christians in real danger from the state if they were to take the